AS2;T7;Engaging the Viewer/Creating Pace

In a film the length of each sequence establishes the pace of the film moving the action along. The speed of editing will help to determine the mood of what is taking place of the screen. If you want the audience to feel anxiety, the editing will be really quick; the screen/shots will be frequent for example in  The Bourne Ultimatum. When wanting a relaxed mood the scenes/shots will last longer and be less frequent, for example in Sleepless in Seattle. However there is one film that has no editing,which was filmed in one take: Russian Ark. This film required split second timing and organisation.  Due to trailers being very short the speed of editing needs to be really quick. The scenes at the beginning of a film needs to be long enough as it's telling a story. It also has to be slow to introduce the main characters so we can gain an understanding of what's going on. As the film begins to progress the scenes may become shorter as they maybe telling more than one story. Casino Royale try to gauge the average length of shot in each sequence.  When cross cutting it is to edit together two sequences that the audience need to know are connected. Something that is happening in two different locations. In a cross cut the camera will cut from one action to another action, suspense maybe added by cross cutting. This is built through expectations that it creates, we then hopes it will be explained in time. Also, cross cutting forms parallels it shows a narrative action that happens in more than one place but at the same time. In the film A Corner in wheat  it cross cuts between a rich business then to poor people, this creates a strong distinction between the two shots. This is often used to create a strong, emotional effect.  Cross Cutting can also be used for a sense of drama, the death of casey in the opening of Scream. It's made more dramatic by the cross cutting to her parents, to see if they make it in time to save her. This is known as Developing Drama.  Cutaways are used to reveal details to the audience without distracting them from the narrative. Keeping the viewer engaged the first thing you have to do is to establish the target audience the editor must always include the beginning, middle and an end in order for the audience to fully understand it. Another way you can keep the audience interesting is by Creating Pace , editing can be used to create tension by using slowly paced shots but gradually speeding up. This editing technique is used with sound effects that compliments the scene as music can influence the way the audience view a particular scene. 

T7;AS1

Non - Continuity
A director would choose to non - continuity editing instead of continuity, to play with people's minds. A few directors have used non -continuity editing to create interesting effects.
French New Wave filmmakers such as Jean luc Goddard pushed the boundaries of editing Techniques during the late 1950s and throughout the 1960's. Jean Luc Goddard directed the film A bout de souffle ( Breathless)  he used the filming technique Jump Cut. The editing technique drew attention because it didn't conform to the norms in Hollywood. The use of jump cut often reminded the audience they were still watching a film just by overusing the technique. By the over use of jump cuts or inserting material that isn't related to any of the narrative.




Another way of manipulating the audience is breaking the 180 degree rule. The camera should always stay on one side of the imaginary line, directors like Stanley Kubrick went against this rule to play with the viewers minds. The shining movie is a thriller so going against this rule in this genre is very applicable, to manipulate the viewers minds.  You can see in the clip below how the rule is broken they



Furthermore, Gary Ross also went against the 180 degree in the hunger games. The camera should always stay on one side of the imaginary line, Ross changed the camera completely we see the room from a whole different direction. So we see everything.

Continuity Editing - T3;AS2

180 Degree Rule

The 180 degree rule is very simple; it states that two characters or anything like that should always have the same left or right relationship with eahcother. And if the camera goes over the imaginary axis, which is connecting the two subjects it would be called "crossing the line". That is what would happen if the film-maker didn't use this rule. Whilst filming the camera should always stay on one side of the imaginary line, of the camera swaps side of the line the characters will swap positions on the screen.

Match on Action

Match on Action links two shots together; A character will start an action in one shot, the camera will then cut to a completely different angle, and we will see the character finish the action in the second shot. This technique ensures the actions seems like one natural and relaistic movement, when really the character may have performed it twice. If the film-maker doesn't use this technique the sequence will be two different shots and it wouldn't look realistic.

Eye-line Match

This links two shots together, it starts with a character looking at a object or scenery etc off the screen and the camera will cut and go to what the character is looking at. This enables the audience to experience exactly what the character is experiencing.  If the film-maker doesn't use this particular technique, the character won't feel like they are feeling what the character is looking at from a realistic angle.

Shot, Reverse, Shot

This action also links two shots together. The first shot will show the first character and then the second shot will show the second character. This allows whoever is watching to connect with the two characters, to enable to see them interacting with each other. If the film-maker didn't use this technique, the audience would only see it from one perspective.

Transition and Effect - Task 5 AS2

The movement from one shot to another is called transition. The straight cut "invisible" is most common type of transition. One shot moves to the next without catching the viewers attention, they help retain reality they don't break the suspension or disbelief.

Dissolves 

Dissolves, fading one shot off the screen while one is fading in. The audience will be able to see both of the shots at mid-point in dissolve. This is used if the director wants to show a connection between two characters, places or objects.

Fades 

A gradual darkening or lightening of an image until becomes black or white, one shot will fade until you can see black and white. This effect is primarily used to indicate end of a particular section within the narrative, also it can show the passing of time. 

Wipes

When one image is wiped off a screen from another, thy can be pushed left or right. It is more common for the image to be pushed off from left side as it is show as act of time moving on.  Signal a movement between two locations that are experiencing the same time. 

Graphic Match

Is a cut in film editing, which is between two different objects, two different compositions and two different places. In which two different shots they graphically match, this helps to establish a strong continuity of action also linking the two shots metaphorically.

Following the Action

This is when there is movement, and the camera will following the action that it taking place. In the movie Mr & Mrs Smith the camera rotates around the gun battle to show more of the action instead of standing at one point of view. 

Multiple points of view

This is where the actors are showing each side of a particular view. One actor will show what he/she is seeing and then it will change to the second character so they can do the same. 

Shot Variation 

This is when a shot is uninterrupted by editing the and the shot distance changes, the shot can be static or motion it just has to be continuous. For example the shot begins as long as wide but ends up as a lose up. In the movie Matrix it begins in a long shot, the camera moves in a circular motion and ends in a mid shot. 

Manipulation of Diegetic Time and Space

This is when a film uses effects to show an age or time change, either a person or an object shown getting older or younger. This can be shown even using colour or desaturation of an image to show a different point in time. Many films use this technique but one modern one is 

This is the short film i made demonstrating all the effects.