AS1;T4

Montage

The term montage has a different meaning when referred to in the following in three different contexts:

French Film

Soviet filmmaking of the 1920s

Hollywood cinema

French Cinema

Montage has a literal French meaning (assembly installation) and simply identifies editing.

Soviet Film

In Soviet filmmaking of the 1920s “montage” was a method of juxtaposing shots to derive new meaning that did not exist in either shot alone.

Lev Kulshshov was on e the first to theorize about the relatively young medium of the cinema in the 1920s. He argued that editing a film is like constructing a building brick by brick the film is erected.  Kuleshov did an experiment that proves this point; he took an old film clip of a headshot of a noted Russian actor and inter-cut the shot with different images. When Kuleshov showed his film to people they praised the actor’s acting – the hunger in his face when he saw the soup, the delight in the woman, and the grief when looking at the dead child.

The acting of juxtaposing the shots in a sequence made the relationship, the audience was able to infer meaning from looking at the two shots. The experiment was the start of a technique known as Montage.

Sergwi Eisentein was shortly a student of Kuleshovs, but the two parted ways because they had different ideas of montage. contrasted unrelated shots Eisenstein tried to provoke associations in the viewer which were induced by shocks. In the clip below the unrelated shots show that the workers are angry, scared etc. 

               
In Hollywood cinema in a film is a short segment in a film which narrative information is presented in a condensed fashion. for example in the clip below: Film makers may choose to include a montage to shorten the movie, or to make it more interesting.



I created two different types of montages

1. Soviet
2. Hollywood

AS1;T3 From Analogue to Digital Editing

From Analogue to Digital Editing

 Analogue editing is cutting pieces of celluoid together, films are traditionally printed on to acetate negatives. These are then spliced together to make a reel of film, which are later fed through a projector at a constant speed of 24 frames a seconds which makes the picture appear to moving, this known as analogue. There disadvantages and advantages to analogue: better representation of sound, but however limitation in editing, the quality of the video is easily lost.

Digital editing is form of electronic media, where the data is stored in digital instead of analogue form. Digital editing is the use of computers to manipulate and order this digital data. Digital cinema uses bits and bytes which records, transmit and reply images, instead if chemicals on film, the whole thing is electronic so there is no splicing involved. Within digital editing non-linear editing allows you to access each frame in a digital video clip regardless of sequence in the clip. the freedom to access any frame, and use a cut and paste method.There are advantages and disadvantages to digital editing such as: cheaper, easy to edit, copies can be made. However the disadvantages are: data can become corrupted, poor multi-user interfaces.

Splicing is a matter rearranging sounds, splicing is a device which can join lengths of photographic film together, it's mostly used in motion pictures. Also there are such things called cement splicers; these join film together by using a chemical called film cement which is film base dissolved in solvent. Tape splicers are a thin transparent piece of adhesive tape used to join the ends, tape splicers can be used on most types of film. Ultrasonic splicing is used to melt pieces of film together, used in microfilm.

Linear editing is a video post production which includes selecting, arranging and modifying. the process typically involves a computer, that controls a tape machine. The computer saves the video and the time code information in a edit decision list aka EDL. EDL can be used to move the edit around. However the problem with linear editing is that every piece of the video must be laid down to the recorder in real time and once you start you cannot go back.

Non linear video editing, is a method that allows you to access any frame in a digital video, in any sequence of the clip. Non - linear gives you the option to use the cut and paste method, it allows you to include fades and other editing options that linear editing doesn't allow you to do.

The Moviola is a device that enables the editor to view the film while editing, it was the first machine for motion picture editing. The pros of editing with the Moviola that it allowed the editor to study individual shots in the cutting rooms. Editing with Final Cut has some advantages as you can add special effects, cut away the parts you don't want.